Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the Name :
PERSIAN GULF
Introduction
Geography, as the most ancient human knowledge is an applied science which has different aspects. It studies the reciprocal relation of man and nature and provides the results to the users in the form of documents in writing, books and maps. The names of features and phenomena including natural or man made ones have been considered by geographers for a long time, therefore similar features are distinguished by it. The name of a feature can not be observed on the land like the feature itself. Thus, by mentioning the case on maps, Atlases, and books, it will be protected during different eras as a part of historical, cultural identity and saved as mans heritage. For the same reason, any change, destruction, or alteration of the names registered in historical deeds and maps is like the destruction of ancient works and is considered as an improper action. Therefore, the names of geographical features profiting from a unique historical identity, should not be utilized as political instruments in reaching a political, tribal, and racial objective, or in any clash with national interests and other's values. This paper provides a short study of the historical background of the name PERSIAN GULF so that it might cast light on realities.
Geographical Specifications of PERSIAN GULF
The Persian Gulf is located in the southwest of the Asian Continent at 23 to 30 degrees northern latitude and 48 to 56 degrees longitude on the south side of the vast country of Iran, with a length of 1259 kilometer. Karoun, Zohreh, Jarrahi Mond, Dalki, Hendijan, Kol and Minab are the largest and the most watery rivers that flow into the PERSIAN GULF from the Iranian Plateau. The PERSIAN GULF is a projection of water from the Indian Ocean into a part of the Iranian Plateau. The whole northern part of it is covered by the Fars Province in Iran. T hus, if we were to presume that the sea did not have a name during history and those geographers and specialists were to select a name for this gulf, doubtlessly, they would find no better name than PERSIAN GULF, because Iran (PERSIA) is the largest country adjacent to this water body which possesses the longest coast. Besides, with a population of more than 70 million it is larger than any country located at the south margin of Fars.
Name of PERSIAN GULF
The researchers, who have researched about the name of Persian Gulf, became unanimous considering the name of Persian Gulf. During all the centuries, and at least during the past 2500 years, i.e. as of the time of the powerful Pars Empire there has never been seen such a unanimity in the Middle East among writers and historians on one name during history. Considering the historical background of the name Persian Gulf, Sir Arnold Wilson mentions in a book, published in 1928 that: "No water channel has been so significant as PERSIAN GULF to the geologists, archaeologists, geographers, merchants, politicians, excursionists, and scholars whether in past or in present. This water channel which separates the Iran Plateau from the Arabia Plate, has enjoyed an Iranian Identity since at least 2200 years ago.
Name of PERSIAN GULF in Historical Documents
No written deed has remained since the era before the Pars Empire, but in the oral history and culture, the Iranians have called the southern waters: Jam Sea, Iran Sea, Pars Sea. During the years: 559 to 330 B.C. coinciding with sovereignty of the Pars Empire on the Middle East area, especially the whole part of Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the name of Pars Sea has been widely written in the compiled texts. In the travel account of Pythagoras, several chapters are related to description of his travels accompanied by Darioush, a king of Achaemenid, to Shoush and Perspolis, and the area is described. From among the writings of others in the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darioush the great, installed at junction of waters of Arabian Gulf (Ahmar Sea) and Nile river and Rome river (current Mediterranean) which belongs to the 5th century BC where, Darioush, the king of Pars Empire has named the PERSIAN GULF Water Channel: PARS SEA. From among the other significant deeds written in this field, the world map: Hecataeus (472 to 509 B.C.) can be stated where PERSIAN GULF and Arabian Gulf (Red Sea) have been clearly shown. Also a map has remained from Herodotus, the great historian of Greece (425-484 B.C.) which introduces Red Sea as the Arabian Gulf. In the world map of Diseark (285-347 B.C.) too, Persian Gulf and Arabian Gulf have been clearly distinct. At the same time, many maps and deeds prepared up to the 8th century by the scientists and geographical researchers such as Hecataeus, Herodotus (father of Science of Geography), Hiparek, Claudius Batlamious, Krats Malous,…… and in the Islamic period, Mohammad Ibn Mousa Kharazmi, Abou Yousef Eshagh Kandi, Ibn Khardazabeh, Harrani (Batani), Masoudi, Abou Zeyd Balkhi, Estakhri, Ibn Houghal, Aboureyhan Birouni and others, mention that there is a wide sea at south of Iran named Pars Sea, Pars Gulf, Fars Sea, Fars Gulf, Bahre Fars, Sinus Persicus and Mare Persicum and so on. In a book, named Persilus Aryateria, the Greek tourist of the 1st century A.D. has called the Red Sea as Arabian gulf; the Indian ocean has been named Aryateria Sea; the waters at Oman Coast is called Pars Sea; Barbarus region (between Oman and Yemen coast are called belonging to Pars, and the Gulf located at south side of Iran is named: PERSIAN GULF. By describing the water body, the life of Persians living at both sides have also been confirmed.
Islamic Period
Before Christ, the Arabs were living more in Hejaz, Yemen, and coasts of Red Sea (Arabian Gulf) and were not that much familiar with Persian Gulf. After Ardeshir, king of Iran during Sassanid era campaigned to Yemen upon request of Seif Ibn Ziyazan, governor of Yemen to suppress Abyssinian, the event lead to traffic of Arabs at the coasts of Persian Gulf. With the emergence of Islam and expansion of this religion to Iran, the immigration of Arabs to the coasts of PERSIAN GULF increased. However, in more than 30 geographical, historical, literary, books or the books on interpretation of morals, and jurisprudence, the Muslims and Arab scientists have described PERSIAN GULF. Such books as: Albaladan, History of Yaghoubi, Almaghari, Fotouhalsham, Fatholajam, written by Mohammad Ibn Omar (70 lunar calendar), History of Moghimi, History of Alrosol Valmouk (Mohammad Ibn Jarir Tabari), History of Balami, Ibn Khardazabeh, Ibn Faghih Hamedani, Estakhri, Masoudi, Moghadasi, Ibn Houghal, Ghazvini, Taher Marvazi, Naser Khosrow, Shamseddin Dameshghi, Ghodameh Ibn Jafar, Ibn Yaghoub, Ibn Rasteh, Shahriar Ramhormozi, Ibn Balkhi, Edrisi, Bakran Khorasani, Yaghout Hamoudi, Abolfada, Nobari, Joveyni, Haji Khalifeh (Chalabi), Jorji Zeydan, all have used the name of Persian Gulf in their books since 207 (lunar calendar) so far.
Hegemony of Portuguese
In 1507 A.D. Portugal's navy captured Hormoz Island under commandment of Alphonso Burkerk and it continued till 1620. In a research essay, Dr. José Manuel Garcia, professor and a member of Geographical Society of Portugal emphasized the name of Persian Gulf in the official and unofficial deeds and maps of Portugal since 1507 so far. The maps prepared by the Portuguese on Persian Gulf are kept in museums as human heritage. From among 50 maps and letters exchanged during the years: 1500 to 1700 A.D. among the governors of Persian Gulf and the kings of Portugal and Spain or those mentioned in books and writings of tourists, Persian Gulf has been named as follows: Mare de Persia, Persico Sinus, mare Persio, Sinus Persico, Mare Persico, mar Persiano, Persio-Persiski Zaliv, Persischer Golf, Pars Sea, Bahre Fars, Perza obol, Persiste Habbugt.
PERSIAN GULF in Contracts and Accords As of 1507 to 1960, at least in 10 contracts concluded among the countries such as Kuwait, Arabia, Ottoman, Oman, United Emirates, compiled in English and Arabic, the name of PERSIAN GULF has been used. From among the aforesaid contracts the following can be mentioned:
1. General contract with Arabian Emirs on Jan. 8, 1820 between Sheikhs of United Emirates at PERSIAN GULF, signed by General Cairo and 11 chiefs of Arab Tribes, the word: Alkhalij Alfarsi has been used in the Arabic texts.
2. Contract of 1947 on Prohibition of Slaves Sales.
3. Permanent Contract of Peace in 1853.
4. Treaty of 1856 on Slaves Trade.
5. Contract on Independence of Kuwait (this deed was registered on June 19, 1961 with Secretariat of United Nations.
6. Treaty on Determination of Border Lines of Iraq and Kuwait (1996)
Also in the political and legal and economic accords concluded between United Emirates and the other countries during the years of 1806 to 1971, the word: Bahre Fars or PERSIAN GULF has been used.
PERSIAN GULF in Historical Maps
In all the important historical maps and Atlas whether modern or belonging to previous centuries, the water artery located at south of Iran has been registered as Persian Gulf. In the Arabian countries too, it has always been named PERSIAN GULF up to the 70s. For instance, in the Atlas "Alaragh fi Alkhavaret Alghadimeh" by Dr. Ahmad Souseh (Baghdad 1959) including 40 maps among the Arabian sources of the Middle Ages. In the maps presented by Arabian countries to the International Court of the Judiciary for settlements of border claims, the name of PERSIAN GULF has been mentioned. In Atlas of Alkuwait fi Alkharaet Alalam" some maps have been used where there exists the name of PERSIAN GULF. In Atlas of "Alkuwait Ghara fi Alkharaet Altarikhieh" published by the efforts of Abdollah Yousef Alghanim in 1994, there are about 200 maps mentioning the name of PERSIAN GULF.
· The book: "Osoul Alkuwait Almanshour Alalam" (1991) published in the Netherlands also contains 15 maps where the name of PERSIAN GULF exists.
· In the book: "Alkhalij alfars Abar Altarikh va Alghoroun" (written by Mohammad Mirza, 1976 Cairo) there are 52 maps drawn out of Arabic sources, mentioning the name of PERSIAN GULF.
· In Atlas of "History of Islam" (1951-55 America and Egypt) the name Persian Gulf has been mentioned 16 times.
· In Atlas of "Khalij (Gulf) in the Historical Maps" (1999) excluding three maps which were drawn after 15th century, seem to be included beside the other maps (all of which mention the name of PERSIAN GULF) upon persistence of the honorable person collecting them, where the name has been forged as: Arabic Gulf.
In next maps, the same cartographers have corrected the name to Persian Gulf. The Arabic Bank and Beyt Alquran in Bahrain published a large wall calendar in 1996 containing the historical map of Bahrain in which all the maps contain the name of PERSIAN GULF. It is interesting that from among 6000 existing historical maps published up to 1890, there are only three maps mentioning the names of Basreh Gulf, Ghatif Gulf, and Arabic Gulf, in addition to which the name of small gulfs located at the coast with local utilization can be also named such as Chah Bahar Gulf, Siraf Gulf, Basreh Gulf, Ghatif Gulf, Bahrain Gulf,…. but such names are not applied to the entirety of the Persian Gulf. It is obvious that the promotional use by the Arabs of the three forementioned maps, whose identity and originality are not clear, in comparison with 6000 maps and more than 200 historical and tourism books from Irastus to Herodotus to Estakhri and Ibn Houghal, who have all called the water body, PERSIAN GULF, shall lack any value. In the Arabic Dictionary Almonjamed, Library of American Congress, Britain National Library (London), deeds at Ministry of India's Affairs (London), Library of Faculty of Orientalist Studies of London, there are more than 300 maps, containing the name PERSIAN GULF. Furthermore, about 30 valid Atlas have registered the name of PERSIAN GULF within the past 30 years, such as: Atlas of Thomas Herbert (1628), Atlas of Pars, Lousaj University (1863), Atlas of Germany (1861), Pars Envile Atlas (1760), Atlas of Modern Geography (1890), Atlas of London (1873), Atlas of Ernest Embrosius (1922), Atlas of Bilefild (1899), Atlas of Harmsorth (19th Century, London),…. In 18th and 19th centuries when the government of Britain expanded its dominance over the seas and according to some treaties was recognized as supporter and successor of Sheikhs on the south sectors of the PERSIAN GULF, the official maps of the areas from East Seas of Suez, specially India and PERSIAN GULF were drawn up as instructed by the government of Britain, all of which reflect clearly the name of PERSIAN GULF. Some examples are as follows:
1. The Empire of Persia prepared by D'Avnille in 1770.
2. A New Map of the Empire of Persia prepared by D'Avnille in 1794.
3. Persia Map prepared for the new Atlas by Thomsons in 1818.
4. Persia map prepared by Orme, Brown Longman, Rees in 1828.
5. Persia with part of the ottoman Empire prepared by G.long in 1831.
6. Central Asia Map, prepared by Alex Burnes in 1834.
7. Persia Map (1840) prepared for Atlas Black.
8. Persia Map prepared for Atlas Black in 1884.
9. Persia & Cabool Map prepared by A. K. Johnston in 1844.
10. Map of Persia, Cabul, etc. prepared by J. Arrowsmith in 1873.
11. Map of Persia & Afghanistan prepared by A. C. Block in 1854.
12. Maps under title: Map of Persia published in 1886 (this ma p was prepared upon instruction by Ministry of Seafaring and by Information Services of Ministry of War of England.)
13. Map of Persia prepared by Captain St. John upon instruction by Vice -Minister at Indian Affairs, England Cabinet in 1874.
14. Map of Persia pr epared by Information Sector of English Ministry of War in 1891.
15. Map of Iran, Afghanistan and Balouchestan published under supervision of Kerzen in 1891 and 1892. 16. Maps under the title Map of Persia, prepared in Simla Drawing Department in 1897.
Applications of the Name PERSIAN GULF by International Organizations
Organizations and affiliated foundations have applied the correct name of PERSIAN GULF since they have been incorporated, excluding one case, which corrected it through Note No. AD311/1GEN dated March 5, 1971. In confirmation and response to the correspondence of the government of Iran for application of the complete name of PERSIAN GULF in the publications and deeds of United Nations and affiliated organizations, 14 notes and correspondences can be mentioned containing the aforementioned note of Secretariat of United Nations, containing the amendment of Deed IPPD14/UNIDB. From among the other instructions of United Nations, the following samples can be named:
· Note No. LA45.82 dated Aug. 10, 1984 (New York)
· Circular No. CAB/1/87/63 dated 16.02.1987 of Managing Director of UNESCO.
· ST/CSSER/29 dated Jan. 10, 1990.
· AD/311/1/GEN dated March 5, 1991.
· ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.1 dated Jan. 24, 1992.
· ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.2 dated Aug. 18, 1994.
· ST/CS/SER.A/29/Rev.1 dated May 14, 1999.
In all the abovementioned notes and circulars, it has been requested that the water body existing at the south side of Iran be stated: PERSIAN GULF. The Specialized Group for Experts on Standardization of Geographical Names, active in the United Nations Social Economical Council also emphasizes the correct use of historical names for features, and is active in dispute settlement related to geographical names. "Naphtali Cadman" the head of Work Group for Toponymy Information has state d that the motivation to change the name of PERSIAN GULF is purely political.
Background for Application of Incorrect Words Instead of PERSIAN GULF
After England's attack on Khark Island in 1837, the government of Iran at that time protested to England's separatist policy in the PERSIAN GULF and officially warned the government of Britain to avoid mischief intended at separating the southern side of Iran. This warning caused the Times Journal, published in London in 1840, to name the PERSIAN GULF for the first time as Britain Sea, but such a name never found any place. Moreover, following nationalization of the oil industry in Iran in 1950 and dispossession of English Companies and discontinuation of relations between Iran and England, the Ministry of English Colonies, for the first time used the incorrect name of this water body. In these years, the States South of the Persian Gulf were either colonies of Britain or under its support. To compensate its defeat, the government of England published a book by Roderick Oven, an agent of English Spy Org., in 1957 which was immediately translated into Arabic. In this book the assassination of the name PERSIAN GULF began and in 1966, Sir Charles M. Belgrieve, the political agent of England in the affairs of Persian Gulf Southern States supported by England, published a book at the end of his mission named: Golden Bulbs at Arabic Gulf. After coup of Abdolkarim Ghasem in 1958 in Iraq and then coup by Baas and their claims for some lands against Iran, they avoided using the name of PERSIAN GULF for political reasons. In 1960, after Iran and Egypt's disconnection of relationships and after the Arab-Israeli war, anti Iranian actions culminated due to the previous Iranian regime’s support of Israel. This occurred in Arabic Circles and in a congress of Baas Party convened at Damascus, in which participating heads demanded for change of the name of PERSIAN GULF to the forged name of Arabic gulf, without relying on any legal and historical document. Following this, to achieve the political motive, they altered this historical name in the text books of Arabic Countries. After the Islamic Revolution in 1987, followed by breaking relations between USA and Iran, and commencement of the imposed war of Iraq against Iran, there have been some efforts to apply incorrect words instead of the Name Persian Gulf. Most of these efforts were not on purpose but resulted from unawareness of facts. Though, in USA the geographic and publication institutes have been hardly influenced by other countries, but in 2005, we witnessed that the reputable National Geographic Society, with a past history of not accepting and using forged words in its works, distorted the name of PERSIAN GULF and Iranian islands and intentionally mentioned incorrect inf ormation. This action only helped damaging its own international credibility, but ultimately, it surrendered to protests of Iranians throughout the world and corrected its error. It is interesting that Mr. Roderick Oven stipulated in Golden Bulbs at Arabic Gulf: "I visited all parts of PERSIAN GULF and believed that it was Persian Gulf, because I noticed no map or deed, unless it had named the place as Persian Gulf, but when I watched it closely, I found out that the people residing at the southern beaches are Arabs, therefore, to be polite, we should name it: Arabic Gulf." Either Mr. Roderick Oven should have noticed that on the northern sector of that water body, up to 1269 km of coast exists with a far larger population who speak Farsi. This is larger than the Arabian population he was concerned about. He did not notice the important fact that this sea was first named by the Greeks and neither Iranian nor Arabs took any part in it. The Muslims and Arab Geographers learned the names from the Greeks and Romans, and used it in their works, especially that they named Pars Sea, unanimously: Persian Gulf. In the end, it is worth mentioning that the name of Persian Gulf has been admitted in all the live languages of the world so far and all the countries throughout the world, name this Iranian Sea, just in the language of the people: PERSIAN GULF. Even our Arab brothers do not need to alter a historical name to have a gulf of their own, because there had been a gulf in their own name previously mentioned in the historical and geographical works and drawings, which is called at present the Red Sea (Bahr Ahmar).
Source: UN
Apr 24, 2007
Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the Name : Persian Golf
Apr 18, 2007
Alexei Sayle: Here's why the Iranians hate us
Tuesday, April 17, 2007
During the recent Iranian hostage crisis I read several articles by Middle East experts which stated that the Iranians have a distorted idea about the power of the UK and its ability to secretly manipulate their affairs.
The average Iranian apparently sees the hand of the British empire behind even the most banal crisis such as their toaster getting glued up with cheese or their losing one glove.
This is partly justified because at one time this country did cause tremendous upheaval in what was called Persia. We invaded it in 1941 to secure oil supplies and in 1953, with the CIA, we deposed the elected president, Muhammad Mossadegh, and replaced him with the weak-kneed Shah. The Shah created his brutal secret police, the Savak, whose torture and repression led to the civil unrest that in turn brought Ayatollah Khomeini to power. Mossadegh's crime was that he thought he might like the profits from the oil taken from his country to go back to his country. This didn't suit the Anglo Iranian Oil Company (now BP), and so he was got rid of.
More than anything else, though, the reason the average Iranian thinks Britain has an infinite capacity for evil is that until recently the only car you could buy in Iran was a local version of that epitome of motoring excellence, the Hillman Hunter, known as the "Paykan".
So grateful was he to us, that the Shah did an exclusive deal with what was then called the Rootes Group so that the only car sold in Iran was the poxy Hunter. I know if anybody forced me to drive a Hillman Hunter in 2007 it would make me want to overthrow the government and replace it with a Shia theocracy, but it might also convince me that they had powers of extraordinary evil.
And it wasn't just clapped out old cars that we forced on the Persians. Have you ever wondered where all the Millets shops went? When I was in my late teens there were Millets in every town, then suddenly they all seemed to vanish. That's right, you've guessed it, under the Shah the only clothes shops that were allowed were Millets and that's why, until recently, every male Iranian dressed as if he'd just stepped off a miners' picket line in 1974, Bri-Nylon flared trousers, strange tartan bum-freezer jacket and platform boots. Indeed, President Ahmadinejad's trademark shortie anorak, (a huge fashion hit in Iran) is a classic Millets design from 1973 and was originally worn by racing driver James Hunt and the Bay City Rollers.
Nowadays, Iran has started making cars of their own designs. Studying my World Cars catalogue I see that they make a fairly mad-looking saloon called the Iran Khodro Samand Sarir and a lumpy hatchback called the Saipa 141 Liftback. So, just as people have been apologising for slavery, we could make amends to the Iranians by buying their cars. I have myself put in an order for a nice blue Morattab Pazhan 3000 GLV from the Morattab Industrial Manufacturing Co, Jomhuri Avenue, Tehran, Iran. I suggest that when the Government renews its car fleet for, say, the Home Office, they buy Kish Khodro Sinad IIs. Then the ayatollahs will really know we are sorry for interfering.
Source: Belfast Telegraph
Mar 20, 2007
Feb 26, 2007
No title
I didn’t sleep last night not because I had many papers to mark but I had a very strange weekend with lots of mixed feelings. In some senses it was a good weekend. I met my friends, we all went somewhere else to join another friend which I hadn’t visited her for a long time. But I was confused, punchy and my feelings were mixed up. I couldn’t find myself and started acting like a five year old boy. I acted like that to hide something else. I don’t know how to put this. I was asking myself why I should follow the others rules? What if I want to do something else in my life? What if I don’t want to be like others? Maybe I want to do something else with my time and achieve something totally different to things that other people want. I suffer and suffer when I want to do something else and the others don’t understand me. It is very difficult for me to explain myself as those things are inside me. I think each individual has freedom to decide what to do with his life. Some of us may make decisions having dangerous consequences and at the end costing our life. So there is no one to blame at the end as each person is responsible for his own decisions including me. I have made few important decisions in my life which they are not normal! I am not going to share these with you as they are top secret and very personal. I am aware of my decisions consequences. I realised that no other person can understand me and start saying things that hurt me. Let me put it this way, imagine you have decided to not drive a car because you have had a very bad experience and you prefer to use public transport. You know that driving has few advantages in you life and make it easier but you want to do something else. You want to try another life style and you want to prove yourself that you can do your jobs without having a car. Then one day your friends notice that you don’t drive a car. They start insisting and insisting to you to drive a car. They want it for you as they want the best for you but they are not you. They haven’t been in your position and they can not understand what you have had in the past. They insist and insist again and reach to the point where you mixed up and start asking yourself “Maybe I should drive a car again?”. Then you step forward, you buy a car and drive it. At this point your friends will leave you alone as you did it what they were thing is the best for you so there is nothing else to talk about. Then you now have your time and start thinking what happened to my plans and decisions. Here, you should be very lucky if you don’t crash again in the middle of your thoughts.
Feb 14, 2007
LOVE happens only once
Love is the best thing may happen in your life, it happens once and won’t repeat again ever! When time is worthless next to her, when you start counting her breaths, when you want nothing in her absence, when you wait and wait for her call and when you don’t want to leave when she is with you, that’s love. When you start to cry by looking in her eyes, that’s love. When you want to sleep forever next to her that is called love. So when you have these feelings, don’t let it to go, take it, stick to it ; because Love happens once in your life and doesn’t repeat. Love is the best thing may happen to you and don’t listen to the others. They are not in your shoe and they don’t feel what you feel. Close your eyes and follow your hearth because Love happens once in your life. If you leave it behind, one day you will regret it, no matter what you become or how much money you make. Take my advice and don’t let Love to go and learn the Power of Love.
I wish everyday was like today!
It is Valentine and I can see even in Kabul people are buying gifts and dining out. But should really be a specific day on our calendar reminding us Love and loving each other? Why we forget each other? Why we do don’t look after each other every day and then suddenly, over the night we send flowers to each other? Why every day is not a Valentine day? Maybe there will be no tomorrow to tell our loved ones how much we love them and how much we care about the. Maybe tomorrow is too late to tell them, maybe next Valentine is too late to tell them how much we are grateful knowing them, so don’t wait till Valentine. Think each day of your life is a Valentine day.
Feb 7, 2007
Fight Global Warming!
Feb 5, 2007
I Miss You Old Friend
Feb 3, 2007
Something New!
Jan 31, 2007
Still I don't undersatnd!
You call your friends every week, you send them text messages, emails, greeting cards etc. but you don't get back anything in return! Even they don't remember your birthday! Why is that? Why I have to put so much effort (don't mention my bills) to call someone who doesn't appreciate it. Then when you give up and stop calling them; they complain that I don't pay attention to them, I have forgotten them. Am I doing something wrong? Am I expecting too much? I really don't understand these type of people and this kind of friendship. This is a very old story and I have asked many people if they have been in the same position. Most of the people I talked to, have had the same experience. So if the most of us had it before, why don't we learn from it? Why don't you move your lazy big ass and spend two minutes of your time to tell your friend "I care about you". Unless you don't care really, so don't complain next time if we met!
PS: Suddenly I remember all those efforts and please excuse my language.
Aqua Regia Digestion
Jan 22, 2007
If God could talk!
Nov 21, 2006
Another though day!
A very though day, working from 8 morning to 5 evening, 45 min lunch break and hammering all the day! While I was crushing my samples, I was thinking we haven’t changed so much! Mortars and pestle is being used for 1000 years for grinding materials and still is used! Although we have mobile, car, microwave etc, we still are using many things which were invented 1000 years ago! How about ourselves? Is the way we are thinking has changes so much since 1000 years ago?
Oct 27, 2006
The Expanding Universe
For thousands of years, astronomers wrestled with basic questions about the size and age of the universe. Does the universe go on forever, or does it have an edge somewhere? Has it always existed, or did it come to being some time in the past? In 1929, Edwin Hubble, an astronomer at Caltech, made a critical discovery that soon led to scientific answers for these questions: he discovered that the universe is expanding.
Well, for definite I know the universe is expanding and its expansion rate is increasing (recently discovered by British scientists). But does this universal law apply to our life too? Are we excepted from this law? Are we getting farer from each other? For fact I think we are expanding too! Many many years ago, our ancestors used to live together in a group, in a cave. We used to live with our family. Even if we had our own family, we wouldn’t go too far. Most of the families used to live in one house, one city, one area. But today, we don’t live with our family. Even our friends are in the other part of the world. Our brother or sister is living in another city or country. Our life style has changes dramatically. The gap is getting bigger and bigger. We think mobile phone, email, video chat etc. are the solution. I can call him any time I want to. But do we really communicate with each other? Or we just use the technology to get news from each other. Do we really call our friend to see how they are or we call them to see how they are doing?
For one fact, I am sure we are not excepted and we as part of the universe are expanding with it. One day brotherhood won’t mean anything. Our selfishness will lead us to that point; we will live alone although we will have all necessary technologies to communicate to each other on this planet.
Aug 6, 2006
Whose fault is this?
Internet invented 15 years ago and today it is hard to think of life without it! Today, I was surfing on the net and saw this link. I was speechless and for several hours I didn’t know what to say, shall I hate it or shall I enjoy it! Then I asked myself is that the picture of Iranians which other people have got in their mind? Is that the way they see Iranians? Well as far as I know I don’t know any Iranian around myself like the one in the picture but perhaps Lay Leno from NBC knows one. But really whose fault is this? The only people I can blame are Iranians and no one else! I think this is Iranian’s fault which they allow a TV man represents and degrades them like this in a national TV. I am not saying Iranians are prefect but the picture is far far far away from the reality.
No more word for now,
Bye
Jul 31, 2006
Jul 25, 2006
Civil War
Look at the shoes your filling
I don't need your civil war
I don't need one more war
Breaking News!
A top automotive engineer declined Toyota’s job offer today says Toyota spokesman. Our financial and economical correspondent at Cranfield reports that Toyota’s stock price is going down at Tehran Stock Exchange Market. Also there are rumours that Shahab Khodro (Iranian Car Manufacture) is planning to buy Toyota after this decline.
Jul 23, 2006
Loss....
Mr. Zarnegar left us last week. He was a great man. His many years of experience work meant he was a limitless resource of knowledge, especially in journalism. He passed away in US.
Jul 19, 2006
Jul 15, 2006
Atomised (Elementarteilchen)
Dir. Oskar Roehler
Jul 14, 2006
Inside Iran
The follwoing report is taken from Zogby website.
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While Iran’s nuclear program grabs headlines around the world, a new Reader’s Digest-Zogby International survey reports that Iranians (41%) said reforming their national economy so it operates more efficiently is more important than nuclear capability. A smaller number, 27%, said the country’s top priority should be to develop an arsenal of nuclear weapons, and 23% said the top goal for their government should be to expand the freedoms of its citizens.
These and other opinions were documented in a wide-ranging survey of Iranian citizens that revealed a sharp diversity of views consistent with a nation that is undergoing profound changes. The survey, which focused on a variety of subjects, including nuclear and regional politics, America, Israel and other nations, and cultural issues, included 810 Iranian adults, and carries a margin of error of +/- 3.5 percentage points. The results are included in exclusive reports on Iran published in the August issue of Reader’s Digest magazine. Full results can be found online at rd.com and zogby.com.
“The Zogby poll presents a fascinating glimpse into public opinion in this vitally important part of the world,” said Conrad Kiechel, Editorial Director, Reader’s Digest International Editions. “The evening headlines typically frame the views of world leaders, but this survey provides an illuminating picture of what citizens are saying – and believing.”
The poll revealed a country divided on many issues, although united on the role that Iran should play in the region. Iranians said they believe their country should lead the region “diplomatically and militarily” – 56% supported this view, and only 12% said their country should not be the dominant regional power. Nearly equal percentages of respondents want Iran to become more secular and liberal (31%) as want the country to become more religious and conservative (36%).
On one question, Iranians showed almost total agreement, regardless of age or gender. When asked if the state of Israel is illegitimate and should not exist, 67% agreed and only 9% disagreed.
Despite tensions between the United States and Iran, most Iranians – nearly two thirds – said they don’t believe that the two countries will go to war in the next decade.
Iranian men were more interested than women in making the economy work better. Among men, 47% said the economy should be a top government priority, while just 33% of women agreed. The older the respondent, the less important they considered development of a nuclear arsenal.
A majority said they would be willing to suffer through a bad economy if that were the price the country had to pay to develop its nuclear program. Also, 25% said they would blame the United States if the United Nations imposed nuclear-related sanctions, although nearly 40% said they were not sure whom to blame. Only one in six would blame Iran’s own government. If their country were to develop nuclear weapons, 25% said it would make the Middle East a safer place, but 35% disagreed with that statement.
When it came to their view of the United States, there was a split between the generations. Older Iranians were much more likely to admire the American people and society than younger Iranians. John Zogby, President and CEO of Zogby International, hypothesized that this generational split may be due in part to the lack of exposure to Americans over the past two decades.
Younger and older Iranians would favor a more conservative, religious society, while those aged 30–49 said they would favor a more liberal, secular culture. What is striking is that just 15% said Iranian culture should stay just the way it is right now. Women were more likely than men to say they wanted a more liberal, secular society. Among those Iranians with Internet access, 41% said they wanted a more religious culture, compared to 33% who said they wanted a more secular society.
“The poll illustrates the impact of 25 years of separation,” said Zogby. “The attitudes of younger Iranians toward the government, people and policies of the United States have been shaped by years of isolation, largely conservative religious leadership, and anti-U.S. rhetoric. This group is consistently more negative in its attitudes towards Americans and the American government than are older Iranians. However, new technology, including satellite television and the Internet, could be used as tools that connect young Iranians with other nations in the region, and the West.”
Those technologies – Internet access and satellite TV ownership – appeared to influence attitudes among Iranians, as did gender. Iranians with access to the Internet or satellite TV were significantly more likely than their “unconnected” compatriots to identify the United States as the country they admire the most. They were also significantly less likely to pick the U.S. government as the one they admire the least: one in three Iranians without Internet access (34%) chose the United States as least admired, compared with fewer than one in five Iranians with Internet access (18%), the poll shows.
The American government also appeared to attract more admiration from Iranians who favor a more secular or liberal direction for Iran.
Link chart
Jason Hawkes is wellknown for aerial photography. You have access to thousands of images from around the world searchable by keyword.
Jul 8, 2006
Quote Chart
Sapere Aude! [dare to know] "Have courage to use your own understanding!"
Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)
Jun 13, 2006
Jun 8, 2006
May 18, 2006
May 17, 2006
May 10, 2006
Sunshine in Sheffield
Today I couldn't stay in! So I took my camera and walked in the city to hunt nice pictures. The atmosphere of the city was amazing. People were enjoying nice weather and trying to forget what's going to happen tomorrow. People were so relax seemed the day would last forever. Although I didn't know anyone there, I wasn't a stranger. No one blocked my view. People were laughing and they were happy. We all were there out for one thing: The Sun! No one could sell it or cover it. There was no competition over it. It was plenty of sunshine for everyone and each person was enjoying in its own way.
If you want the other photos taken today just click here.
May 8, 2006
Link Chart!
Sohrab Sepehri Online
Life is a pleasant custom
Life wears wings as wide as death
It leaps to the dimensions of love
Life is nothing that might from my mind and your mind in the tip of habit’s shelf
Life is the attraction of a hand that reaps
Life is the first black fig in the acrid mouth of summer
Life is the dimension of a tree in the eyes of an insect
Life is the experience of bat in the darkness
Life is a strange sense experienced by a migrating bird
Life is the whistling of a train ringing in the sleep of a bridge
Life is like looking at a garden through the closed window of an airplane
The news of a rocket flying to the space
Touching the solitude of moon
The thought of smelling the flower in other planets
Life is washing a plate
Life is finding a penny in the street gutter
Life is the square of the mirror
Life is the flower multiplied to eternity
Life is the earth multiplied in our heartbeats
Life is a simple and monotonous geometry of breaths
Where I am, let it be so
The sky is mine
The window, thought, air, love, earth is mine
What signifies?
If mushrooms of nostalgia
Sometimes grow?
Results of my color test!
I did a color test few days ago and the following answer came up:
Your color is black! The color of night. Serene and mysterious, black conjures up images of elegant evening gowns, dashing tuxedos, and gleaming limousines. Traditionally a symbol of success, black also represents power and uncompromising demand for perfection. Not surprisingly, you tend to get challenging goals for yourself and do whatever it takes to achieve them - your strenght of character is second to none. This unfaltering determination, along with your natural elegence, impress people. Black, is the color of professionalism and achievement!
May 6, 2006
May 2, 2006
Hope!
Two papers ready to publish on my desk, few positions on the web ready to apply for and plenty of time but I am sitting on my black sofa doing nothing. I need time to recover. Recovery from what? From something which I knew it! From something that I predicted according to all facts that I knew! Then what’s wrong with me? I feel cold just like black coal. I had a wonderful weekend with my friends and I knew what I will be told today morning but everything changed when I heard that news. I am not going to share the news with you and I am sorry for that but I think there is something that I am missing here. A very very dear friend told me that I am negative! I don’t know. Believe me or not I had a great hope although I had predicted the result. I knew it but I did not want to accept it. I predicted but I didn’t prepare myself for it. Now I have to accept it because it happened, I was informed officially and nothing on the earth can change it. Do I know myself? Or there is something else? We know something but we don’t want to accept it? We feel a pain but we ignore it? Things passing on back of my mind so fast in few seconds, trying to analyse the situation. Then asking my self what’s the point of hoping when we know something? Or we shouldn’t hope to something when we already know the results! Is there something else? Or its our nature? Business rules say don’t bet on loosing horse. Then why we bet, cross our finger and hope that something change it? There should be something. A gravity or energy that drives us to try harder and hope to changes. I know I will be fine and this is not the end of the world but! Why we are hoping? We feel something, we know something and then we hope we get something else out of it! I wonder if I know myself enough! How is that possible to feel so heavy when I already knew it? This is the closest thing to craziness that ever happened to me. I wish I could answer it. Is it because I don’t like loosing? I have learned that more mistakes I make better I get. I learned a lot from this experience regardless of its result. It told me that I have a great potential and good skills and its only lack of experience which stops me from getting it. But still I can’t get over it. The hope bubble has exploded although I knew it would happen. I wasn’t ready for that explosion or I didn’t want to accept it regardless of all those known facts. There is something else and I am going to find it out.
Apr 18, 2006
Basic Instinct
All right let's back to the subject again. How far are we ready to go to response to this strong desire? Of course one of the ways or the most common one is having relationship with some one else. Yes that is right according to our nature and it is the healthy one. But there is a question mark over there. Well I am always asking myself is that the only reason for starting a relationship or there are more reasons for beginning a relationship with some one else. If I am going for a relationship shall I hide it? Shall I inform all my friends about it? How serious might the relationship get?
Did you get me? Ok, let me just say my question on the other words. Is responding to our basic instinct the aim of the relationship or having a good healthy relationship will response to the Basic Instinct and we will be satisfied? And if the answer is Yes, then do I have to tell the others or it would be better to hide it?
I think apart from our basic instincts we have much stronger emotions such as love that we have to response to them as well. I am sure a relationship on the basis of our Basic Instinct is not able of responding to our higher needs and it has got nothing else to offer us. We would feel cheap in these type of relationships because it just responses to our basic need and it doesn't offer anything else. These relationships do not last long and we usually recall them with regret. We usually don't talk about it with others and we hide it. Even we don’t inform our closest friends about it. Because the other side of the relationship might not be our type too as he or she is also following his or her basic instinct too. Here the old story might repeat and our feelings might hurt. It is so difficult to recover from this type of relationships as we exchange our great feeling and dignity with the basic instinct. We do not have much to share with the partner except when we get to the point of responding the basic instinct. On the other hand the only thing in common is Basic Instinct.
In contrast, there are other types of relationships that response to emotions such as love. These types of relationships of course have potential of responding to our basic instinct but they offer more than that. They offer us companion, courage, trust, respect, love, support, share and compromise. We never regret them and if they do don’t last long for some reason we just regret why it didn't last. They are sweet and we are proud of that. We don't hide them and they usually end up into long friendship or even more such as marriage which is a kind of formal announcement. To have such a relationship we need to spend more time and be patient.
Bottom line, those who starts a relationship in response to their basic instinct, will be dependent forever because they just are at the first stage. The old story will repeat for them all the time. They are afraid of talking about it with their friends or even they upset their friends. Having a relationship is normal and every one should have a healthy one. But before starting a one ask yourself what exactly you are looking for and what’s the price? If you are not sure about it just have a nice conversation with your friends about it. I am sure they will understand you and your needs and they will do their best to help you!
Mar 22, 2006
We are lucky!
Close your eyes for a moment and think! Think about those who are not born yet. Think about those who will never be born in this world. Think about all those processes and events happened until you were born. Then you will see how lucky we are. We are more than lucky that we came to this born. It could be someone else. It could be another person. So don’t waste your time. Go ahead; know the world you are living in. Explore your environment. Try to communicate with other people and understand them. Know yourself; explore all your potentials and feelings. You have only one life in this world and if you will be born again, it won’t be the same. Don’t make yourself busy with small things. The world is yours to discover it. See how the world is working. The sky, the earth, oceans; all are yours while you are in this world. Ignore all those sadness and try to love this world. Believe me nothing will go wrong. There is no absolute and the rules are created by the others who came before us. So, love people, enjoy your time and try to see as many as people you can. We have only one life and we are so lucky that we are here at this time.
Mar 20, 2006
Mar 9, 2006
To help or not to help!
Few days ago I did something and I am so angry of myself. I wish I could do something about it. But too late and there is no time machine.
Mar 1, 2006
Operation Dinner
Recipe:
Go to the closest Sainsbury’s and buy the following items:
- chicken nuggets
- root
- mushroom
- potato croquettes
- mozzarella
- tomato
- cucumber
- onion
Shopping time: 20 min (including queuing)
Preparation and cooking time: 45 min (including chopping)
Eating time: 8 min
Enjoy!
Feb 27, 2006
Feb 7, 2006
Feb 3, 2006
A message
A very good friend of mine (PC) sent me this great message, I just want to share it with you:
The paradox of our time in history is that we have taller buildings but shorter tempers, wider freeways, but narrower viewpoints. We spend more, but have less, we buy more, but enjoy less. We have bigger houses and smaller families, more conveniences, but less time. We have more degrees but less sense, more knowledge, but less judgment, more experts, yet more problems, more medicine, but less wellness.
We drink too much, smoke too much, spend too recklessly, laugh too little, drive too fast, get too angry, stay up too late, get up too tired, read too little, watch TV too much, and pray too seldom. We have multiplied our possessions, but reduced our values. We talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often. We've learned how to make a living, but not a life.
We've added years to life not life to years. We've been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street to meet a new neighbour. We conquered outer space but not inner space. We've done larger things, but not better things.
We've cleaned up the air, but polluted the soul. We've conquered the atom, but not our prejudice. We write more, but learn less. We plan more, but accomplish less. We've learned to rush, but not to wait. We build more computers to hold more information, to produce more copies than ever, but we communicate less and less.
These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion, big men and small character, steep profits and shallow relationships. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, fancier houses, but broken homes. These are days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throwaway morality, one night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer, to quiet, to kill.
It is a time when there is much in the showroom window and nothing in the stockroom. A time when technology can bring this letter to you, and a time when you can choose either to share this insight, or to just hit delete. Remember, spend some time with your loved ones, because they are not going to be around forever.
Remember, say a kind word to someone who looks up to > you in awe, because that little person soon will grow up and leave your side.
Remember, to give a warm hug to the one next to you,because that is the only treasure you can give with your heart and it doesn't cost a cent.
Remember, to say, "I love you" to your partner and your loved ones, but most of all mean it. A kiss and an embrace will mend hurt when it comes from deep inside of you.
Remember to hold hands and cherish the moment for someday that person will not be there again. Give time to love, give time to speak, and give time to share the precious thoughts in your mind.
AND ALWAYS REMEMBER:
Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away.
by George Carlin
Jan 31, 2006
Religion
Jan 5, 2006
What if!
I was sitting on my couch and thinking of absolutely nothing. I am only away few sentences from finishing my thesis correction. I have done major corrections and I need to go through few minor corrections. It is only matter of few hours! But I can’t work tonight! I can’t do anything tonight! I am hibernated! My brain is frozen and is not working! So I put my thesis side. Nothing interesting on TV, not even a fifth class Hollywood movie! Then I decided to take shower. May be it helps, but it didn’t. So again on the couch and staring on switched off TV. Then I remembered my earlier conversation with AMN. What if the world was different? No, the world is fine, I believe! What if people of the earth were different? What if people were more friendly, more trustful and honest? Why we can’t trust each other? Why we abuse our friends? Why few of us are working so hard and the rest doing nothing? I know we are not perfect and even if we were perfect then the life was so boring. But I think we could use our talent and power to do more positive and constructive things than destroying each other! We could do many things and anybody could be part of it. But everyday we see people lying and hurting each other. People are becoming more and more selfish. We know that we can’t reach out objectives without others but we do not respect their objectives and ideas. We just want to reach our targets by the cheapest way in the shortest time! What if all people I knew and I met were still here and I could trust them!
PS There is a good movie on TV and I have to go!
Dec 11, 2005
Nov 29, 2005
Love
A group of professional people posed this question to a group of 4 to 8 year-olds, "What does love mean?"The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined. See what you think:
"When my grandmother got arthritis, she couldn't bend over and paint her toenails anymore.So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands got arthritis too. That's love."
Rebecca- age 8
"When someone loves you, the way they say your name is different.You just know that your name is safe in their mouth."
Billy - age 4
"Love is when a girl puts on perfume and a boy puts on shaving cologne and they go out and smell each other."
Karl - age 5
"Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs."
Chrissy - age 6
"Love is what makes you smile when you're tired."
Terri - age 4
"Love is when my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him, to make sure the taste is OK."
Danny - age 7
"Love is when you kiss all the time. Then when you get tired of kissing, you still want to be together and you talk more.My Mommy and Daddy are like that. They look gross when they kiss"
Emily - age 8
"Love is what's in the room with you at Christmas if you stop opening presents and listen."
Bobby - age 7 (Wow!)
"If you want to learn to love better, you should start with a friend who you hate,"Nikka - age 6
(we need a few million more Nikka's on this planet)
"Love is when you tell a guy you like his shirt, then he wears it everyday."
Noelle - age 7
"Love is like a little old woman and a little old man who are still friends even after they know each other so well."
Tommy - age 6
"During my piano recital, I was on a stage and I was scared. I looked at all the people watching me and saw my daddy waving and smiling.He was the only one doing that. I wasn't scared anymore."
Cindy - age 8
"My mommy loves me more than anybody .You don't see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night."
Clare - age 6
"Love is when Mommy gives Daddy the best piece of chicken."
Elaine-age 5
"Love is when Mommy sees Daddy smelly and sweaty and still says he is handsomer than Brad Pitt ."
Chris - age 7
"Love is when your puppy licks your face even after you left him alone all day."
Mary Ann - age 4
"I know my older sister loves me because she gives me all her old clothes and has to go out and buy new ones."
Lauren - age 4
"When you love somebody, your eyelashes go up and down and little stars come out of you." (what an image)
Karen - age 7
"You really shouldn't say 'I love you' unless you mean it. But if you mean it, you should say it a lot. People forget."
Jessica - age 8
And the final one -- Author and lecturer Leo Buscaglia once talked about a contest he was asked to judge.The purpose of the contest was to find the most caring child.The winner was a four year old child whose next door neighbor was an elderly gentleman who had recently lost his wife.Upon seeing the man cry, the little boy went into the old gentleman's yard, climbed onto his lap, and just sat there.When his Mother asked what he had said to the neighbor, the little boy said,
"Nothing, I just helped him cry"
When there is nothing left but God, that is when you find out that God is all you need. Take 60 seconds and give this a shot! All you do is simply say the following small prayer for the person who sent you this.Father, God bless all my friends in whatever it is that You know they may be needing this day! And may their life be full of your peace, which transcends all understanding. Amen.
Oct 27, 2005
Job hunting! (1)
Are you looking for a job in Engineering field? Do you want to work in your field? Well I have to say it is not difficult if you do it step by step. The only thing you need is starting job hunting on the right time and in the right place! If you are a final year student and you know that you will get your degree in a year then start looking for a job NOW! Do not waste your time by saying I have one year and I can do it in summer! Make a list of all companies working in your field. If you are a Chemical Engineer then make a list of all companies in chemical industry. Then shortlist them on the basis of your interest. Now go to their website and do a little research about them. Where is their base? What are they doing? what is their overturn? How many employees have they? etc. Then again shortlist them and you will come out with few companies that you really want to work for.
Continues...
Book Chart
Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment
by:
John Glasson, Riki Therivel, Andrew Chadwick
Price: £23.00
Are you looking for a good book on EIA? Are you going to work on environmental projects? So then this book is a good start for you. I am reading it and although I know most of the material there, the book is good written and organised. I recommend it for all people looking forward in working in Environment Industry.
Life is Life
What a great day I had yesterday! Well it all started early morning with a phone call from a friend! That was just the start...My friend had a problem and another friend was involved. Then my good friend got a ticket (£80.00) for parking her car in front of my flat just 30 min after the phone call! Then I received a great email from the company I was hoping to work for them. The email was just like a punch in my face and I was confused for several hours. Then after a lovely evening and night with Mayor of Battle City I bought two pizza and we went home after mid night hoping that everything will be fine day after. But that bloody day did not finish there. When I opened the pizza box they were GREEN! Yes the last thing we needed to complete our day. So I left the flat and went to the shop to change the pizza! After all, we went to bed 4 AM. What a wonderful day. But Life is Life and we go on and continue and we will never give up. This is life.
Oct 24, 2005
Can a PhD student get a job?
Of course we all looking forward to getting a job after doing our course, degree, MBA or PhD. Some of us think that more you study more difficult to get a job as there is a possibility of becoming overqualified. Giant companies prefer to employ graduates with a good degree, give them necessary training and then make them default for a specific mission. Yes, it is cheaper and less risk, as graduates follow company’s orders and guides line by line. But how about a doctor? A person who has developed high skills with good potentials and strong research background. Can he be a good employee? Can the company use him as a machine? Well, technically yes but not for a long time! I mean the process is new for a doctor but he will learn it very soon. Even he is able to modify or improve it. So after a period the process will be definitely boring. So eventually employing a doctor for a simple task will not be efficient. So where can a doctor go? To academia? If he doesn’t appreciate academia? If he likes to go to industry? Can he be employed as a professional? The answer is NO. I have tried and all the companies I applied are seeking for a professional with at least two years work experience. They do not count postgraduate experience as work experience whereas I believe it is and it is a priceless experience. The skills I developed during my PhD are useful and priceless. Skills such as:
- project management
- networking
- communicating
- presentation skills
- lateral thinking
- time management
and overall of all above skills I became a lifelong learner. I can find out about anything that I don’t know. So where can I work. I have one suggestion and that is CONSULTANCIES!
Yes, that’s the only place that you can go and apply your skills, using your project management skills and climbing the employment ladder very fast. You will be involved in many projects and will learn many new things. I think that’s the only place a person with PhD can be employed apart of academia.
Oct 21, 2005
Oct 20, 2005
Doing PhD?
To do PhD or not to do PhD? That's the question! This is a question that for the last three years I have asking myself. Also everyone I know asked me the same question! I believe PhD is a process and of course it has a product but it is more a process. A process that you go through it and earns and develop many useful skills. So if you have time, money and ambition to do it, do not hesitate.. DO IT! But if you are thinking by getting a PhD you will make more money, or you think it will be easier to find a job then do not it. PhD offers you something that you will never get in other places. It organise your mind. Here I have to say I know many cases that PhD students could not get anything from it and they just wasted their time. It really depends on you...how you deal with and how you mange it. So do it if and only if you are 100% sure.
Sep 23, 2005
Fun Time
- سه شب بهشت، دو شب جهنم، دو شب برزخ- بازديد از مهم ترين مراکز فرهنگی، هنری، تفريحی ملکوت- بازديد از پل زيبای صراط- بازديد از معروف ترين مار دنيا؛ غاشيه- تجربه ی سفری زيبا بر روی شير عسل های رودخانه های بهشت- بازديد از بارگاه الهی و خانه ی جبرائيل- بازديد از اژدهای دو سر
هزينه های تور شامل :
- هزينه ی جابه جايی و اقامت همراه با صبحانه- هزينه ی ويزای بهشت هزينه ی جا به جايی با قاليچه ی پرنده - هزينه ی خدمات جانبی (حوری - قلمان)
علاقه مندان می توانند برای شرکت در تور و کسب اطلاعات بيشتر هر چه سريع تر با عزرائيل تماس بگيرند!
کنسرت بزرگ هايده و ويگن(برای حال دادن به زلزله زدگان شمال و بم که تازه اومدن اين جا)
با حضور افتخاری ايرج بسطامیمکان: آمفی تئاتر اصلی بهشت، آسمان هفتم!زمان: جمعه ی ديگه
علاقه مندان برای تهيه ی بليط و در صورتی که احساس می کنند به بهشت می روند، می توانند تا آخر وقت اداری چهارشنبه فوت شوند
My website
I have updated my website and now you can have my weekly news...so check:
http://mjeepz.tripod.com
Thanks,
MZ
Book Chart
From now on, every week I introduce a new book.
------------------------------------------------------
Persian Fire
The First World Empire, Battle for the West
By: Tom Holland
Publisher: Little Brown
Released: September 2005
Price: £20
Sep 22, 2005
Chemical Engineering and Philosophy
Introduction
Few days ago I was upset because of a personal problem. I went for a long walk to Norfolk Park where I sat and I review my whole situation. The park was so quiet and few pensioners walking around far far away. Sometimes we may ask ourselves why we are living? Why are we so hard on each other? Why do we expect everything to be so perfect? We all know that we are not living in a perfect world but why we expect that high standards in our relationships, education, job, food etc.? So I was thinking that before I decide to continue my career in chemical engineering I should have a good justification to do it. I reviewed all possible reasons that I might choose chemical engineering. Because I was inspired by all chemical plants? It is possible but also it would loose its attraction. Because my father is an engineer? Yes, it was one of the reasons but not any more! Because I was born in engineering environment and everything around me was combined or about engineering? Again yes but I was looking for better philosophy; something that helps me to continue forever. Something so powerful that not only me but also inspires anybody to contribute in building the world. I use this introduction to open series of notes about philosophy in building better world.
Engineering our mind
Today my second student graduated and left the university, it is a wonderful feeling. You know, I think I did my best for him. He sounds happy when he said bye and he thanked me for whatever I did for him. I believe I taught not only principles of engineering but also I gave him something that he can do more what he practised in the lab. He learned how to engineer his mind. He practised defining his problems and seeking affordable solutions for it. I think we all can go to chemical engineering books and memorise all of them. But analysing situations, making our mind, deciding effectively, predicting problems and managing ourselves are thing that we need to exercise. I know many good engineers with high level of knowledge but very week in making decisions or approaching problems. They are well educated but only on paper. For an engineer the most important thing is having a vision. It is like imaging whole the battlefield in their mind and finding the best affordable solution for defeating the enemy. So I had only one advice for my student:
Engineer your mind before doing anything else.
Sep 13, 2005
Friends will be friends
Many times I have been writing about friend and friendship. I might have written more about this matter than chemical engineering or my research. Maybe you all are tired of this subject. But to be honest our daily life is associated with other people. Others impact or change our moods. They can make us happy or sad. We can get hurt or heal. Hence, every second of our life is affected by people around us especially those we call them friend. So this is a fact that we can’t ignore the others and they can’t live without us. We need each other to survive. We need each other to have better life; to improve; to develop. So let’s read part of Queen’s song, dedicated to my good friends who are there for me always:
It's not easy love, but you've got friends you can trust
Friends will be friends
When you're in need of love they give you care and attention
Friends will be friends
When you're through with life and all hope is lost
Hold out your hand 'cos friends will be friends - right till the end
Now it's a beautiful day
The postman delivered a letter from your lover
Only a 'phone call away
You tried to track him down but somebody stole his number
As a matter of fact
You're getting used to life without him in your way
It's so easy now, 'cos you got friends you can trust
Friends will be friends
When you're in need of love they give you care and attention
Friends will be friends
When you're through with life and all hope is lost
Hold out your hand 'cos friends will be friends - right till the end
It's so easy now, 'cos you got friends you can trust
Friends will be friends
When you're in need of love they give you care and attention
Friends will be friends
When you're through with life and all hope is lost
Hold out your hand - friends will be friends - right till the end
Aug 11, 2005
Friend!
FRIEND is a beautiful word that we use it every day, such as my good friend, hi friend, miss you friend etc. But there is no written definition or regulation for friendship. There isn’t. You won’t find a single written sentence about principles of friendship. This makes it very difficult. Difficult! Because meaning of friendship varies from one person to another one. We all look for friends for different purposes. We try to make friends because they offer something that we don’t have. Because we are weak, we are limited and we can’t have everything by ourselves.
Some of us go after friends because of their money. The easiest thing that we may think of it, It doesn’t matter one pound or 100 pounds. We just go for it. We trade our time for money not for being with other people. Or they are looking for other things, CD, printer, paper, bicycle, accommodation, clothes etc. So will you call it “friendship”? I won’t. I call this group of people “low mind people”, people with low mind which are looking for things in this world.
Well there are other groups as well. A group of us looks for friends for not being alone. They are afraid of going outside alone. So they look for a company. They are more interested in talking about other people. They try to be centre of attraction by talking about others. I call this “Gossiping” not making friends. If we are strong enough and if we have strong character, then we don’t need to do anything to attract the others. Other people will come after us because of our ideas, personality and abilities. I called the second group “people with medium minds”. People who are goes after people for their own benefits. This group of people have lots of friends. It is better to say that they know many people, but few of them are true friends who care for them. I think they loose lots of their friends in time and they are always looking for new people.
And the last group, a group of people with great minds. This group of people are looking for ideas; they look for people with great ideas, strong personality and solid attitude. They usually have few friends, but true ones. They are not interested in abusing their friends. They just enjoy discussing ideas with them. They enjoy being with other people to know their world better. They help their friends by offering them their thoughts and feelings. They like to be with other people to learn from them. Learn to live better. They want to improve and develop their mind. They are true friends.
So at the end, I don’t like call everyone that I know a friend. Let’s read this poem together:
Around the corner I have a friend,
In this great city that has no end,
Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,
And before I know it, a year is gone.
And I never see my old friends face,
For life is a swift and terrible race,
He knows I like him just as well,
As in the days when I rang his bell.
And he rang mine but we were younger then,
And now we are busy, tired men.
Tired of playing a foolish game,
Tired of trying to make a name.
"Tomorrow" I say! "I will call on Jim
Just to show that I'm thinking of him."
But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,
And distance between us grows and grows.
Around the corner, yet miles away,
"Here's a telegram sir," "Jim died today."
And that's what we get and deserve in the end.
Around the corner, a vanished friend.
Jul 13, 2005
7thWCCE 1
I have to say I am very pleased that I am in this big event. A great place which all great chemical engineers gathered together fot making this world a better place to live in. People from aroung the world are here sharing their experinces without any hesitation. I think we all have learn from that. In addition to that I have seen many Iranians mostly from Zahedan Univeristy. Although the qality of their works is matter of question, there is a hope when you do not find a scientist or engineer from other countries in middle east. I wish all those presenters luck and I hope they understand their responsbility in presenting Iran.
I will write more...
Jul 9, 2005
I will be back!
Well, another conference...I am going Glasgow for World Congress of Chemical Engineering. I will return 20th of July and I will write more then.
Jul 8, 2005
Friendship Test
What a strange world! One day we are happy and another day we are sad! In our life time we meet people and become friend. Everyone call themselves friend! But there is no written description of friend and friendship. That's why friendship is beautiful. It is like art. You build a relationship. You are painting a great picture. But you should be careful. A black spot may ruin your entire picture. So who are true friends? How can we test them? Is it really important to test them? The answer is up to you! We need to trust someone and because people do not want to take that responsibility maybe because of their own benefits, they may abuse your trust. So at the end you will find yourself alone! Then I think it will be good to examine our friends to see if we can trust them or not although the results may be upsetting. I usually test my friends in my own way and look at the results. Unfortunately some of them may fail. Not because they are bad. That isn't the reason. Because they are looking after something else. They have found their benefit some where else. So they can't be honest with you anymore.
But let me remind you that a true friend does not exchange you easily with his own benefits.
A great fellow told me that a true friend is like a star, always above your head, he is shining for you above your head even in cloudy days, even when you do not look after it.
Jul 6, 2005
Just a box!
Yesterday morning I went to the lab. I saw all my bottles and sample tubes are on the floor and their box is gone. Finding another box was an easy job to do. I found another box and returned all of them to the box. I found out that a professor in the department who was looking for a box took the box without asking me. When in a department a professor is behaving like this would you expect students to act differently? What do you call this?
Research time!
One day morning, you wake up, what a lovely day, a sunny day, everthing smiles to you and decide to go you small lab doing an experiment. Yes, I want to do it! I want it and I will. Nothing in the world can stop me...what a good day...Now you are in the lab. You take your sample and you want to weight it..So it is very easy...the easiest thing in the world of scince is weighing if you have a scale...yes scale...I need a scale..But where is it? It used to be there..on the bench..Ask staff if they have seen the scale...yes, the scale is gone..no scale no experiment..the scale is gone!!! Your good day...what a day...
Think about it..Our research environment is very important. Research or Hassle? If you are looking for high quality research then everything should be provided, I mean if you prepare everything, then later you have just think about the procedure and the experiment itself. But here you have to protect your laboratory equipments because other researchers do not give a damn about your project..What a world we are living in..We talk about G8 everyday..we talk about human rights everysecond and then we are simply blind about our behaviour!
Jul 4, 2005
Mass transfer of friends
It is matter of freindship..So what's the link to chemical engineering! I have to say nothing! I am going to use this space to express my feeling as I think my relationships and daily life is affecting my research quality!
Maybe you know few people in your life that you know very well they are not true friends, not very bright people and they are upsetting you by their behaviour!But you can't help the situation, as they are in your life! Once you trusted them and now you realised that they are not your type..But it is too late, they have entered circle of trust and taking them off the circle is not easy! Everyday you think how I should help myself in this situation! Shall I ignore them? Shall I fight? Shall I move to another place? How can I change it?
Here, filtering friends usually happens everytime, as we are all changing, we are moving, we are dynamic and our system is not steady state! So there is output and there is input and ofcourse in any system there is accumulation.
So people would enter your system ,exit (input and output of the system) and only and only true friends will be accumulated in your system. Now you should be careful, to take care of system temperature and pressure. You may spoil your system. I would say calculations in this system is very important and do not enter anyone. Also you should be brave enough to remove bugs from the system, so do not shutdown the output flow and leave it on.
Ture friends will be accumulated in the system under any condition.
My sweet little terrorist song
I'm detained
captured "in-framed"
I'm detained
and I destroy
I deny
I'm on a decline
this is just about how I'm definedand I'm a walking weapon
don't touch me couse I just might blow
legally I'm nobody , when I cross the border
I'm somebody meanmy international rights are in some poiticians thought
I'm just a dreamas I turn to this microphone and scream
I just wanna watch Dylan playin' live
I won't fly into Pentagon aliveand if they catch me on a plane from Amsterdom
believe me it's not for any political crime
I'm a living catastrophe
look how imprtant I've becomeand my brother in Palestinehe's even ten times more strong
but when they went to Afghanistanor fly to free Iraq I was singing in my room
when it bloomed in Japanand all the years of Vietnam
I wasn't even bornthis miserable world
we appear on their TV shows like creatures from another planet
if they ever knock on my door,
it's just for the oilor mysteries left from my ancient parents
I got my friend in California I die to see her but I can'tand my sweet cousin in Parisshe just wants to show me around
I'm detained
captured "in-framed"
I'm detained
from the AXES OF EVIL
I'm the right hand of the devil
I'm a terrorist though I haven't killed anyone yet
I'm a suicidal bomb, be careful, I might go off in the end of this song
Jun 8, 2005
So far So good!
Remember Modelling Story, well I am still busy with it! The main question to answer is why modelling? We model a system to predict system's behaviour with out doing any experimnetal work. If that is the answer, them I have got. For Estimation of trace elements release from fly ash three scenarios are provided:
1- Disposal in a percolation release regime
2- Utilisation as granular fill
3- Utilisation in road construction
Now there is use for the model. I am working on my results. Trying to find a way to use information from batch leaching test in order to estimate release of trace elements from fly ash samples under above scenarios. I think I know what I wnat to do. I don't want only to model fly leaching without any aim or objective, just showing my math skills! I was looking for a reason for it and I found it.
So full power ahead to solve it...Let you know the results when I got it.
Jun 7, 2005
Double diffuse layer!
Working on a theory to model trace elements release from fly ash particles. Please read:
Solid-liquid mass trasnfer during leaching of Ca from dilut slurries of fly ash
By: R. S. Iyer
1999
Let you know the results later!
Sunny day
Apart from my research, I had a wonderful time in Westorn park, close to the studnet union. I spent an hour there!
Transport processes
Looking to model transport processes from leachtes produced from fly ash lagoons! Well, I have to say that three processes are involved:
1- Advection
2- Hydrodynamic dispersion
3- Chemical recations
For modelling we need to right mass balance equation. It is very simple. The solution depends on your assumptions and it can be a simple diffusion equation to a 3D complex equation. For more details you can read Groundwater by Freeze.
A bottle of Argon
Well, another day, another story! Today I spent almost an hour to get permission to order two bottles of Argon for the ICP-MS equipment! As my supervisor was away today morning, I needed to ask somebody else to sign my order form. I learned that:
Stop doing any experiment and wait till your superviosr comes back!
No wonder some experiments takes so long!!!!!!!!
Jun 5, 2005
A visit to Brighton
First of all I learned not to trust BBC weather! or even Yahoo one! Don't ask me, just try it yourself. We double checked Friday weather, BBC said it should be sunny and hot. Well we all left Guildford head to Brighton.
First impression: It was not kind of the city that I expected. It was small and dirty. Even worse than Bradford!!!! I could not believe it, Brighton with beach...Oh you can't call it beach...No Sand...No sun...No babes...Sun No Sun.
Second impression: It has the best Fish and Chips...You don't believe me, try it yourself.
We returned to Guildford around 5 ish and I checked BBC website: it said Brighton is Sunny on Friday!!!
May 28, 2005
Poker in Guildford!
Playing poker in London with my best friends, far away from research and Lab! I needed it!
New model for batch leaching
Today I developed a new mathematical model for batch leaching test on the basis of Fick's law! Chemical reactions and diffusion have been included in this model. Finger cross for the model which I will put in practice next week!
No more research this weekend!
well, after two days hard work in the lab, carrying out Mass Transfer test and preparing the lab for nex week experiments (Leachin contact time), no more research this bank holiday weekend!
May 26, 2005
Third yera presentation, After it!
What a wonderful day! It was really great...Well the story: I was had 30 min which the guy before took 10 min of my time! So I had only 20 min for the presentation and question part! So I did it very fast. I talked like hell, a very short introduction, assuming that I am doing in a chemical engineering department, full of chemical engineers! But I slowed down in the rseults and discussion part, the mjor part of my work.
I undestood that no one listened to me! No one red the forst slide! No one knew my name except few people which I appreciate them. My supervisor is a great man, he always supports me and I appreciate his kindness and helps.
But the battle field was the question part, when the assessor asked an old question: Where is your model?
Just read his comment on my presentation:
Needs a outline (PS. I am sure he did not linsten ver well)
Thesis should have clear modelling and analysis of equilibrum.diffusion.
I have to add that in this project modelling was in the pbjectives. But I included Mass Transfer tests. Well, in reality, it is impossible to model leachability of trace elements from fly ash, where structure of a fly ash to another one is different. On the other hand, it will be useless to model leaching when the model will be applied on only one type of fly ash! There is no point in modelling fly ash leaching when to can not generilise it. I think the assessor does not know about these facts. He is assessing the project from his point of view and I strongly disagree with him.
May 24, 2005
Third year presentation
Tomoroow I have to give a presentation on my PhD research. I am going to talk about batch leaching tests (Availability, TCLP and BS EN tests). I believe these tests do not present actual scenario happing in the environment! We need to design more real tests close to the enviornmnetal conditions. In addition to these, I will talk about leaching behaviour of UK fly ash and effects of pH and LS (Liquid-to-Soild) ratio on leaching process..
May 9, 2005
Free lime and Arsenic leachability
Well, after months working in the lab, today we found a relationship between free lime content of PFA (coal combustion fly ash) and arsenic leachability. I was very exciting. It was found that during combustion part of the CaO racts with As and the product is an insoluble form of arsein. On the other hand less arsenic will leach. For more information please contact.
Apr 7, 2005
Happy Nowruz
Happy New Year (Nowruz 1384) to all my friends and Iranian chemical engineers!
PS You can read more about Persia, persian culture and history on: www.iranchamber.com
Mar 1, 2005
Free lime in fly ash
We tried to determine free lime inside fly ash samples. It seems very difficult. Results showed very samll quantities of free lime in the first run! Chemical reactions are unknown at this time and we will try to identify them.
